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We would like to remind you that the main concept is "Bondage" despite the title that was cast as the history of shibari. Bondage is named under different disciplines under itself and is classified in two parts as east / west with factors such as source, development process and historical factors. “Fusion Bondage”, known as Western Bondage, differs from traditional Japanese (Eastern) forms. Traditional eastern disciplines are also distinguished as Shibari and Kinbaku among themselves and due to different views. It is possible to gather bondage disciplines as follows;

  • Kinbaku
  • Shibari
  • Hojojutsu
  • Fusion (Western)

OVERLOOK

Kinbaku (緊 縛) is the Japanese word for “tying tightly”. Kinbaku-bi (緊 縛 美) means "tie up nice and tight". Kinbaku is the Japanese art of bondage  (usually jute, hemp or linen and usually 6mm in diameter, but sometimes 4mm and 7 - 8m), connecting a person using simple but visually complex models, usually using a few thin ropeslength).

In Japan, natural fiber thread is known as asanawa (麻 縄). Japanese vocabulary does not distinguish between hemp and jute. The word Shibari came into use in the West in the early 1990’s to describe the art of bondage Kinbaku. shibari (縛 り) is a Japanese word that literally means "decoratively tying".

There is a lot of controversy between shibari and kinbaku about which one is more suitable than the other. While westerners who want to distinguish these terms refer to shibari to be more visual, decorative and erotic, kinbaku refers to artistic, bondage-oriented, emotional practice as a whole.

ORIGINS OF SHIBARI AND KINBAKU

The traditional view is that the term 'shibari' is a misplaced and abusive use of Japanese vocabulary by westerners. The word indicates that it is not traditionally used in Japanese in the context / meaning of captivity. The names of many private bonds / nodes include 'shibari', but it is not customary to call all activities and practice (Diamond Diamonds' and 'Portuguese Bowline Knots') as is. instead, Kinbaku is the preferred term for artistic or erotic tying in traditional Japanese bondage and S&M circles.

This viewpoint contradicts the word's method used in books, periodicals, and the discussion of rope bondage in Japanese. An even more traditional view is this: shibari is a term used in Japan for erotic bondage and practically interchangeable with the term kinbaku. Itoh Seiu used this term in the 1950s, like the well-known Japanese Baku from the 1950s to the present.

Nureki Chimuo, Yukimura Haruki, Akechi Denki, Ryuuji Takeda, Tsujimura Takeshi, Arisue Go, Randa Mai, Osada Steve, Miura Takumi, Nagaike Takeshi and Minomura Kou (and others). One of Nurkei Chimuo's 1980’s video series is titled Introduction to Shibari. Some claims state that this is a somewhat obscured definition and shibari is increasingly imported from the West to Japan. Most Japanese kinbaku do not object to the term shibari, as it is widely used globally.

WHAT IS SHIBARI

According to historical research, kinbaku did not have an iron mine processing in antiquity in Japan, and Japan lacked metal for non-war use. He was not using metal clamps like his friend (today's police - peace officers) like his Western and Chinese colleagues. Between  1603 and 1868 -Edo period-, Japan established more than 150 Hojojutsu schools.

Different tying methods have been developed in schools established in different regions. Various regions had unique nodes and ties to identify them. In the following periods, Hojo-jutsu evolved into a martial art and was used by samurai who became law enforcement officers under the rule of Tokugawa. Many techniques and styles of Hojojutsu have profoundly influenced the modern Japanese kinbakus.

After the first China - Japanese War, in June 1896, the Hongo Haruki-za Theater in Tokyo staged a theater called "Nisshin Senso - Youchi no Kataki-tan". It was the subject that several Japanese nurses were tortured and humiliated by Chinese soldiers in Manchuria, but forgiven their torturers. This drama used sexual persecution as an excuse under the protective umbrella of nationalism.

One of these shows included a fourteen-year-old young man among the audience, and this show touched him in depth. Years later, this young man was none other than Itoh Seiu, who would become a painter, photographer and researcher, referred to as "Father of Kinbaku". He published the first kinbaku photo book called "Seme no Kenkyu" (Torture Study) in Japan in 1928 and held theater performances. He eventually made history as the father of modern Japanese kinbakus.

During World War II, after Japan and Germany were allies, they experienced a cultural exchange. This led to the recognition of Japanese Kinbaku (bondage) art in the West. The western (Fusion) style was based on stricter aesthetics, and the combination of this style with the Eastern style revealed the shibari and created a lively, flowing, constantly evolving dynamic and exciting style

Ito Seiu

It is worth noting that “Seme no Kenkyu” is a torture study. The terms "sadism" and "masochism" began to be used widely in Japan in the 1950’s. The term BDSM appeared in the West in the 1980’s and started to be mentioned. As it is seen, long before the BDSM became traditional, the concepts of "sadism" and "masochism" were mentioned in Japan and were also adopted as a method. This basic study is the reason why the Japanese interpretation is based on torture for the part of today's modern BDSM defined as S&M. This is the “beauty of suffering”, which is connecting with pain, depicting the release of emotion in a context, based on the depths of Japanese-style aesthetics.

Kinbaku is one of several torture methods. Tying someone can not only prevent escape, but can also be used for humiliation and torture. Suspending, pulling or twisting the body and muscles can cause pain and pain. Today, there are even those who classify Kinbaku under the bondage and discipline of BDSM.

The 50s and 60s after the war were the golden age of Kitan Club magazine. This magazine frequently used sexual, torture, harassment and exotic traditions, occasional stories, and even combining science fiction with major themes. Skillfully pointed out some alternative taste and preference styles.

From today's perspective, this magazine can be considered a valuable historical representative of the formative era of Japanese SM culture. In addition, Kitan Club acted as a supporter of the kinbaku culture. Working as a writer, illustrator and photographer, Suma Toshiyuki contributed with Tsujimura Takashi, kinbaku research and writing. With the development of printing technology, he started publishing in photos.

Cultura Inquieta - Kitan Club Japanese Prints, Club Magazine, Printing Ink, Dark Photography

It is believed that the term "Nawashi" was first used by Tsujimura Takashi in Kitan Club Magazine in the 50s. In 1962, Dan Oniroku's novel "Hana to Ebi" (Flower and Snake) started serial broadcasting at Kitan Club. In 1965, Osada Eikichi began his first stage performances, which amazed the entire S&M world, under the umbrella of Kitan Club.

These shows of Osada Eikichi, now considered the pioneer of kinbaku stage performance, are the first experimental dramas of the S&M genre. In the late 60s and early 70s, with the popularization of "Pink Cinema / Pink Movies" movies People like Takashi began taking on the role of kinbaku directors in filmmaking. Faced with bankruptcy in 1974, the Nikkatsu film company decided to make "Flower and Snake" as the last chance and remedy, and the film was unexpectedwon a success.

SHORT HISTORY OF THE SHIBARI

Also known as shibari (縛 り), the origins of this culture go back to the Edo period (1600 - 1800). This period was a period of relative peace, economic growth, social and cultural development. During this period, sokubaku (bondage) was introduced in the form of a kind of restriction, punishment and torture. There were no prisons during this period, so prisoners were tying.

Later in the Edo era, bondage was used to torture women who were taken prisoner of war or girls of rival masters. Tying has often turned into forms of humiliation in very open spaces and squares. Beginning in the 1800s, high social class members connected nude women with soft and degrading positions, drawing their pictures and using them sexually in the eroticization of tying. Wealthy and noble people were also invited to these events in later periods. These invitations and events were called Komon Sarashi Shibari. Very rare examples of these drawings appeared in Ukiyo-e (17th century erotic wood print) collections.

Another interesting part of the Japanese bondage history is to be on the old police records. In the 17th century, traditional bondage was also used as a suicide ritual by those who had forbidden love. Forbidden lovers (usually from different social classes) would connect themselves with the shinju technique, enter the river, lake or sea and commit suicide by drowning. These cases are known as "Shinju suicides".

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Hojo-jutsu became an art of erotic bondage known as “Kinbaku” after being influenced by Western concepts and the legacy of Marquis de Sade after the Second World War. Kinbaku became widespread in Japan in the 1950s through magazines that published the first nude bondage photos such as Kitan Club and Yomikiri Romance. In the 1960s, people like Akashi Denki performed live shibari performancesHe had begun.

From this period, shibari started to enter social life with many different types of arts, performances, literature, cinema, fashion. The term shibari was widely used in the west in 1990 to describe the art of Kinbaku. Kinbaku is more than a traditional term, but Shibari's popular use in the west has been re-imported to Japan. today, shibari and western examples continue to influence each other.

In the Japanese tradition, the relationship between rope and knot is so deep that even today gifts are wrapped and tied in a complex way. products are wrapped in Furoshiki (square cloth) completely and functionally, and the packaging is embellished with Mizuhiki (complex cord ties) so being easy on eye.

Osada Steve   :  a dit : “… I make a clear distinction between Shibari and Kinbaku. You could say it took me eight years to get a grasp of Shibari, and I’m in my third year of trying to crack the mysteries of Kinbaku. I can take my time and develop a connection with the model, achieving some kind of emotional exchange that goes far beyond the mere technical aspects of tying.

For a rope session to qualify as Kinbaku you need to go inside the woman, touch her soul. Again, to the naked eye or to people not working professionally in this genre, it is hard to pinpoint the differences. Shibari merely describes the technical and aesthetic aspects of a traditional Japanese tie. These are the “hollow” techniques that could theoretically be applied to a life-sized doll. Since the idea of Japanese-style bondage is to achieve an emotional exchange between two people through tying, there are techniques to support such an exchange, and it then is called kinbaku.

HOJO-JUTSU

Hojojutsu (hojo-jutsu) is a Japanese martial art that gained popularity in the 1400s. Hojo-Jutsu was used both as a war and as a means of restricting and securing an enemy. Over time, it has been transformed from the martial art into a structure used by law enforcement agencies created to provide public order and continued to be used in the training of today's Japanese police. Today it is also called Torinawajutsu. The words "Torinawajutsu" and "Hojojutsu" are different pronunciations of the same kanji (Japanese letters or alphabetical symbols). Both terms are names that describe the practice of using rope to catch and secure an opponent. Although hojojutsu is known mainly as the origin of Kinbaku and Shibari, this discipline is still practiced. hojo-jutsu techniques continue to be learned and developed in SM circles who actually want to grasp the speed of tying and capturing. In hojo-jutsu, techniques known as newaza have been borrowed from other martial arts disciplines.

Hojojutsu practitioners use different types of threads and measures;

  • Traditional natural fiber threads are still preferred.
  • 4-6mm diameter threads are used
  • The use of colored threads is rare, but black is common.
  • Rope lengths range from 3 to 5 m.

FUSION (WESTERN) BONDAGE

The western discipline that develops on the foundations of the east is generally called Fusion or Western. Although it has been nurtured by the eastern discipline that has been developing for centuries, it has developed its own dynamics, methods and practices, carried it to an erotic dimension and used it. Although some of the natural beauties and their subforms in kinbaku and Shibari have been compromised, there are also innovations that it adds when viewed as a whole.

Fusion bondage uses different types of (usually soft) ropes;

  • Threads include synthetic products such as nylon and MFP.
  • Usually 8-12mm diameter rope is used
  • The use of colored threads is quite common
  • thread lengths vary.

HISTORICAL PROCESS OF SHIBARI IN EAST AND WEST

Bondage, originating in Japan, has developed simultaneously in the east and west since the beginning of the 20th century. This process, which started with Seiu Ito, started with John Willie in the late 1940s in the West. The G-String Tie developed by willie is still one of the techniques that have been discussed since then.

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